In its simplest sense, dressage means “training.” Dressage is a basis for training horses of all types. When basic dressage training is completed, a horse should be not only a pleasure to ride but also prepared for specialized training in any discipline. In addition, dressage can be used to improve movement and to rehabilitate horses with poor muscle development, stiffness, or movement problems due to incorrect riding or training. Dressage is important in a rider’s education, as it develops a supple, balanced seat, correct and subtle application of the aids, and understanding of movement and training. Dressage can also be a competitive sport (to Olympic level) or an exhibition of equestrian art.

PRINCIPLES OF DRESSAGE

Dressage is based on classical principles and methods that have been proven over several centuries. These principles, in brief, are as follows:

Dressage employs natural gaits and movements of the horse (instead of artificial “tricks”). One goal of dressage is to produce under saddle the most beautiful movements the horse is capable of when free.

Dressage training is progressive: each stage is based on the foundation of previous work. Dressage emphasizes the development of qualities such as balance and suppleness, rather than performing movements.

The purpose of dressage training is the gymnastic development of the horse: developing strength, suppleness, balance, and good movement, based on an understanding of horse anatomy, movement, and biomechanics. Good dressage makes a horse’s gaits more beautiful and pleasant to ride, and make him stronger, sounder, and prolongs his useful life.

The goals of dressage are harmony, unity, and cooperation between horse and rider, without the use of force. The rider’s aids should be so subtle as to be nearly invisible; the horse gives the impression of doing of his own accord what the rider asks.

A balanced, supple, and independent seat, which permits correct and subtle application of the aids, is essential for dressage training at any level.      

From The United States Pony Club Manual of Horsemanship, Advanced Horsemanship